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the prospect of arriving at the North Pacific Ocean

Ortelius' map of the world in 1570 marked a clear passage from west to east across the top of Siberia.
[Map]

Although the northern bourdaries of Siberia have been mapped with certainty, a perpetual icefield blocks the northeast passage to the Bering Sea. On this map the White Sea and its port Archangelsk are located at the far left.

[Map]