Le Havre, 134 miles west-northwest of Paris, lies in the Seine-Maritime département, Haute-Normandie région of northern France, across the English Channel from England. Throughout the Middle Ages, Le Havre was only a fishing village, but beginning in 1517 it became the site of a fortified harbor and of much new architecture, including the Church of Notre-Dame, one of the few old buildings to survive the Second World War. The harbor was improved throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.