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Early in his career, Sismondi was a follower of Adam Smith, but was later troubled by the detrimental effects of unbridled capitalism on the poor. He describes these concerns in his 1819 work, Nouveaux Principes d'économie politique.
Sismondi's most important historical work is The History of the Italian Republics in the Middle Ages: the first volume appeared in 1807, the sixteenth and final volume in 1818. The focus on Italy's republican past proved an inspiration to nineteenth-century Italian nationalists.