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With Swift and Pope Gay formed the group of Tory satirists called the Scriblerians. He is best known for his Beggar's Opera (1728), a parody of the newly fashionable Italian opera, which portrays London's criminal lowlife and includes a number of satirical swipes at Robert Walpole.
Wollstonecraft, in A Vindication, quotes from his Fable XIII, "The Tame Stag," 27-36. His life was written by Samuel Johnson.